Study TipsBeginner7 min read

Common Japanese Conjugation Mistakes to Avoid

よくあるまちがい

Learn from common conjugation errors. Avoid these frequent mistakes that Japanese learners make with verb and adjective forms.

Even experienced learners make conjugation mistakes. By understanding common errors, you can avoid them and accelerate your learning. Here are the most frequent mistakes and how to fix them.

Confusing Verb Types(どうしのしゅるい)

The most common mistake is treating godan verbs as ichidan (or vice versa):

  • ❌ かえらない → ✕ かえない (かえる is godan, not ichidan)
  • ❌ はしって → ✕ はして (はしる is godan)
  • ✓ Correct: かえらない, はしって
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Exception verbs to memorize: かえる (return), はしる (run), しる (know), はいる (enter), and きる (cut) are all godan despite ending in -iru/-eru.

Incorrectly Conjugating いい(「いい」のかつよう)

いい (good) is irregular and uses よ- for conjugation:

  • ❌ いくない → ✓ よくない
  • ❌ いかった → ✓ よかった
  • ❌ いくなかった → ✓ よくなかった
きのうのパーティーはよかったです。
きのうのパーティーはよかったです。
kinou no paatii wa yokatta desu.
Yesterday's party was good.

Mixing Potential and Passive(かのうけいとうけみけい)

For ichidan verbs, potential and passive look identical (〜られる). Context is key:

  • たべられる = "can eat" (potential) OR "is eaten" (passive)
  • In casual speech, potential often becomes たべれる (ra-nuki kotoba)
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If you see が with the action-doer, it's likely passive. If you see は with the ability-haver, it's likely potential.

Te-Form Conjugation Errors(てけいのまちがい)

The te-form has multiple patterns that learners often mix up:

  • ❌ よんて → ✓ よんで (む, ぶ, ぬ → んで)
  • ❌ かいで → ✓ かいて (く → いて)
  • ❌ いきいて → ✓ いって (いく is an exception)

な-Adjective as い-Adjective(なけいようしのまちがい)

Some な-adjectives look like い-adjectives:

  • ❌ きれくない → ✓ きれいじゃない
  • ❌ きらかった → ✓ きらいだった
  • ❌ ゆうめいい → ✓ ゆうめいな (before nouns)
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Common trap words: きれい (pretty), きらい (dislike), ゆうめい (famous) - despite ending in い, they're all な-adjectives!

Wrong Potential for する(「する」のかのうけい)

The potential of する is できる, not *すれる:

  • ❌ にほんごがすれる → ✓ にほんごができる
  • ❌ べんきょうがすれる → ✓ べんきょうができる
にほんごがはなせるようになりたい。
にほんごがはなせるようになりたい。
nihongo ga hanaseru you ni naritai.
I want to become able to speak Japanese.

Summary

Common mistakes to avoid:

  • Check verb type before conjugating (godan vs ichidan)
  • Remember いい uses よ- for conjugation
  • Don't confuse potential and passive
  • Memorize te-form patterns correctly
  • Watch for な-adjectives that look like い-adjectives

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