GrammarBeginner5 min read

Japanese Volitional Form: 意向形

意向形の使い方

Learn the Japanese volitional form (意向形) for expressing intentions, suggestions, and 'let's' statements.

The volitional form (意向形 - ikō-kei) expresses intentions, suggestions, and invitations. It's the form you use to say "let's do something" or "I think I'll do something."

How to Form the Volitional(意向形の作り方)

The volitional is formed by changing the verb ending:

Verb TypePlainPolite
Godanう → おう (書く → 書こう)書きましょう
Ichidanる → よう (食べる → 食べよう)食べましょう
するしようしましょう
くるこようきましょう

Let's Do (Suggestions)(誘い)

The most common use is making suggestions:

映画を見に行こう!
えいがをみにいこう!
eiga wo mi ni ikou!
Let's go see a movie!

Expressing Intentions(意志)

The volitional can express your own intentions with と思う:

来年、日本に行こうと思っています。
らいねん、にほんにいこうとおもっています。
rainen, nihon ni ikou to omotteimasu.
I'm thinking of going to Japan next year.

Common Patterns(よく使うパターン)

The volitional combines with other patterns:

  • 〜ようとする: try to do
  • 〜ようと思う: thinking of doing
  • 〜ようか: shall we?
コーヒーでも飲もうか?
コーヒーでものもうか?
koohii demo nomou ka?
Shall we have some coffee?

Summary

The volitional form:

  • Godan: う → おう
  • Ichidan: る → よう
  • Used for "let's", intentions, and suggestions
  • Polite form: ましょう

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