ConjugationBeginner7 min read
な-Adjective Conjugation Guide
な形容詞の活用
Complete guide to な-adjective (形容動詞) conjugation. Learn how these noun-like adjectives work in Japanese.
な-adjectives (形容動詞 or "adjectival nouns") behave more like nouns than adjectives. They're called な-adjectives because they use な when modifying nouns. Their conjugation is similar to noun conjugation.
Identifying な-Adjectives(な形容詞の見分け方)
な-adjectives often have these characteristics:
- Often from Chinese origin (漢語): 静か, 元気, 便利
- Some end in い but are still な-adjectives: きれい, 嫌い
- Use な before nouns, not い
!
Common false friends: きれい (pretty), 嫌い (dislike), and 有名 (famous) look like い-adjectives but are な-adjectives!
Conjugation Patterns(活用パターン)
な-adjectives conjugate like nouns using だ/です:
| Form | Plain | Polite |
|---|---|---|
| Present aff. | 静かだ | 静かです |
| Present neg. | 静かじゃない | 静かじゃありません |
| Past aff. | 静かだった | 静かでした |
| Past neg. | 静かじゃなかった | 静かじゃありませんでした |
Modifying Nouns(名詞修飾)
Use な before nouns:
これは便利なアプリです。
これはべんりなアプリです。
kore wa benri na apuri desu.
This is a convenient app.
Te-Form (〜で)(て形)
Use で to connect な-adjectives:
彼女は親切で優しい人です。
かのじょはしんせつでやさしいひとです。
kanojo wa shinsetsu de yasashii hito desu.
She is a kind and gentle person.
Common な-Adjectives(よく使うな形容詞)
Essential な-adjectives to know:
| Japanese | Reading | Romaji | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 元気 | げんき | genki | energetic, healthy |
| 静か | しずか | shizuka | quiet |
| 便利 | べんり | benri | convenient |
| 有名 | ゆうめい | yuumei | famous |
| 大切 | たいせつ | taisetsu | important |
| きれい | きれい | kirei | pretty, clean |
✓Summary
な-adjective essentials:
- Conjugate like nouns with だ/です
- Use な before nouns
- Use で for te-form connections
- Watch out for false friends ending in い
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