ConjugationBeginner7 min read

な-Adjective Conjugation Guide

な形容詞の活用

Complete guide to な-adjective (形容動詞) conjugation. Learn how these noun-like adjectives work in Japanese.

な-adjectives (形容動詞 or "adjectival nouns") behave more like nouns than adjectives. They're called な-adjectives because they use な when modifying nouns. Their conjugation is similar to noun conjugation.

Identifying な-Adjectives(な形容詞の見分け方)

な-adjectives often have these characteristics:

  • Often from Chinese origin (漢語): 静か, 元気, 便利
  • Some end in い but are still な-adjectives: きれい, 嫌い
  • Use な before nouns, not い
!

Common false friends: きれい (pretty), 嫌い (dislike), and 有名 (famous) look like い-adjectives but are な-adjectives!

Conjugation Patterns(活用パターン)

な-adjectives conjugate like nouns using だ/です:

FormPlainPolite
Present aff.静かだ静かです
Present neg.静かじゃない静かじゃありません
Past aff.静かだった静かでした
Past neg.静かじゃなかった静かじゃありませんでした

Modifying Nouns(名詞修飾)

Use な before nouns:

これは便利なアプリです。
これはべんりなアプリです。
kore wa benri na apuri desu.
This is a convenient app.

Te-Form (〜で)(て形)

Use で to connect な-adjectives:

彼女は親切で優しい人です。
かのじょはしんせつでやさしいひとです。
kanojo wa shinsetsu de yasashii hito desu.
She is a kind and gentle person.

Common な-Adjectives(よく使うな形容詞)

Essential な-adjectives to know:

JapaneseReadingRomajiMeaning
元気げんきgenkienergetic, healthy
静かしずかshizukaquiet
便利べんりbenriconvenient
有名ゆうめいyuumeifamous
大切たいせつtaisetsuimportant
きれいきれいkireipretty, clean

Summary

な-adjective essentials:

  • Conjugate like nouns with だ/です
  • Use な before nouns
  • Use で for te-form connections
  • Watch out for false friends ending in い

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