ConjugationIntermediate7 min read

Japanese Causative-Passive (使役受身形): 'Was Made To'

使役受身形

Master the causative-passive form (使役受身形) to express being made to do something. A key intermediate grammar pattern.

The causative-passive form (使役受身形 - shieki ukemi-kei) expresses being made or forced to do something by someone else. It combines causative ("make someone do") with passive ("was done to me").

How to Form Causative-Passive(使役受身形の作り方)

There are two ways to form it:

Verb TypeLong FormShort Form (Godan only)
Godan (書く)書かせられる書かされる
Ichidan (食べる)食べさせられる
するさせられる
くるこさせられる
!

The short form (〜される) only works for godan verbs and is very common in casual speech.

Meaning and Usage(意味と使い方)

Expresses that someone was made/forced to do something, often with a sense of inconvenience:

子供の頃、毎日野菜を食べさせられた。
こどものころ、まいにちやさいをたべさせられた。
kodomo no koro, mainichi yasai wo tabesaserareta.
When I was a child, I was made to eat vegetables every day.

Short Form Details(短縮形)

For godan verbs, the short form is very common:

1時間も待たされた。
いちじかんもまたされた。
ichijikan mo matasareta.
I was made to wait for a whole hour.
DictionaryLong FormShort Form
待つ待たせられる待たされる
読む読ませられる読まされる
行く行かせられる行かされる

Summary

Causative-passive:

  • Expresses being made to do something
  • Godan: short form 〜される common
  • Often implies inconvenience or reluctance

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